{"id":6508,"date":"2023-08-10T11:52:18","date_gmt":"2023-08-10T11:52:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ricenewstoday.com\/dev\/?p=6508"},"modified":"2023-08-10T11:52:19","modified_gmt":"2023-08-10T11:52:19","slug":"climate-change-cracking-chinas-rice-bowl","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ricenewstoday.com\/dev\/climate-change-cracking-chinas-rice-bowl\/","title":{"rendered":"Climate change cracking China\u2019s rice bowl"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Extreme climate events are expected to\u00a0occur with increasing frequency\u00a0in China, jeopardizing Beijing\u2019s\u00a0food security\u00a0plan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Downpours in late May 2023 in northern China\u00a0flooded\u00a0wheat fields, stirring both domestic and international concern about China\u2019s wheat supply and the potential impacts on food security. Chinese officials\u00a0described\u00a0the flooding as \u201cthe most destructive rain event\u201d for wheat production in the past decade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2022, southern China suffered the country\u2019s driest and hottest summer\u00a0in six decades. The severe heatwave resulted in a massive drought, affecting an estimated 2.2 million hectares of farmland. Chinese officials are now concerned that drought could hit the Yangtze River basin, China\u2019s\u00a0main rice-growing region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Extreme weather such as drought and floods have become major threats to China\u2019s agricultural and food supplies. Over the past 70 years, China\u2019s average temperature has\u00a0risen faster than the global average, making the country extremely vulnerable to floods, droughts and typhoons. Extreme rainfall has\u00a0reduced China\u2019s rice yields\u00a0by 8% over the past two decades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Extreme climate events are expected to\u00a0occur with increasing frequency\u00a0in China, jeopardizing its\u00a0food security\u00a0plan. China\u2019s agricultural sector is\u00a0facing growing risks\u00a0as a result of climate shocks and shifting planting conditions brought about by global warming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Water shortages are the most significant and potentially most impactful component of the wider climate crisis. China will be\u00a0among the most affected\u00a0by water shortages. Water\u00a0shortage\u00a0and\u00a0pollution\u00a0have long been regarded as one of the\u00a0top threats\u00a0to the\u00a0country\u2019s food security.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite having the fifth-highest volume of renewable freshwater resources in the world, China\u2019s per capita water resources were less than\u00a025% of the world average in 2018. Worse still, the country\u2019s freshwater resources are unevenly distributed across regions \u2014 the south faces periodic floods while the north battles frequent droughts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The shift in China\u2019s crop structure and spatial changes in grain production has made the water challenge even more daunting. To maintain grain self-sufficiency, China increased grain production by moving production to less-developed areas within the country, mostly to the inland and northern regions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1995, China\u2019s northern provinces produced 46% of the country\u2019s grain and by 2021 this share had increased to 60%. Yet the northern provinces have only 24% of China\u2019s freshwater resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
China\u2019s rice production is being adversely impacted by water shortages. Image: Xinhua<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Between 1995 and 2021, grain output in the northern provinces increased by nearly 200 million tonnes, whereas grain production in the southern provinces only increased marginally. Henan, Shandong and Hebei provinces, with only 4% of the country\u2019s surface water resources, produced 24% of China\u2019s grain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The expansion of irrigated land, especially in the north, was one of the key contributors to China\u2019s remarkable increase in grain production over the past decades. In China\u2019s northern provinces, where rainfall and surface water resources are low, groundwater irrigation is vital.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reliance on groundwater has resulted in over-extraction and\u00a0adverse environmental effects. Since the late 1990s, groundwater overdraft has become one of China\u2019s most serious resource problems.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from water-scarcity challenges, the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides coupled with intensive farming practices have worsened land degradation and pollution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Climate change threatens to exacerbate the water shortage, undermining China\u2019s food security. The El Nino effect will cause\u00a0increased climate uncertainty\u00a0in the Yangtze River basin, causing flooding in the south, drought in the north and a cold summer in the northeast \u2013 aggravating water scarcity and regional disparities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the world\u2019s largest food producer and importer, minor fluctuations in China\u2019s domestic food production and adjustments in its\u00a0agricultural trade policy\u00a0heavily influence global food trade. The loss of wheat in Henan and other grain-producing provinces after the recent rain could mean China\u2019s wheat imports reach\u00a012 million tonnes\u00a0in 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Chinese government is aware of the climate threats and water risks around providing enough food for its population and has enacted a wide range of policies in response.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government has attempted to\u00a0boost domestic grain production\u00a0by providing more financial and policy support, pressing local governments to focus more on grain production and introducing stricter rules on farmland protection and usage.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It has also invested heavily in agricultural technologies \u2014 from\u00a0genetically modified crops\u00a0to\u00a0space seed breeding,\u00a0alternative proteins\u00a0and agricultural\u00a0autonomous systems and artificial intelligence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government launched a nationwide campaign to\u00a0cut food waste\u00a0and soybean and corn use in\u00a0animal feed, aiming to\u00a0reduce demand\u00a0for food and feed grains. It has also been undertaking various attempts to enhance its external food supply resilience through\u00a0import diversification, overseas investment and by creating\u00a0new supply routes\u00a0and fostering international cooperation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Facing growing threats from extreme climate events, these measures can be expected to yield mixed results. Some measures have the potential to contribute to domestic and global food supply resilience, albeit not without controversy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

These measures include developing drought- and insect-resistant and salt-tolerant crops, investing in artificial or alternative proteins, boosting overseas agricultural investment and technological transfer and creating new food transportation routes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Other measures, though, including forcefully boosting domestic grain production through intensive farming and reliance on\u00a0coal-based fertilizer, will not only threaten the long-term sustainability of China\u2019s food production but also undermine its plans to\u00a0fight climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
A man along the banks of the Huangpu river across from the Wujing Coal-Electricity Power Station in Shanghai on September 28, 2021. Photo: Asia Times Files \/ AFP \/ Hector Retamal<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Facing increasing threats from climate change, China needs to strike the right balance between boosting domestic grain production and water security. The current policy of pressuring dry northern provinces to produce more grain might make China\u2019s food system even more vulnerable to climate shocks. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ufeffRather, China needs to tap the potential of southern rain-fed provinces to grow more grains. It is also in China\u2019s interest to step up global agricultural investment and agricultural technology transfers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Only through a balanced strategy that integrates regional strengths within China and leverages global agricultural cooperation can China build resilience against climate change, secure a stable food supply and maintain its key role in global food trade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hongzhou Zhang is Research Fellow with the China Programme at the S Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This\u00a0article\u00a0was\u00a0originally published by East Asia Forum\u00a0and is republished under a Creative Commons license.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Extreme climate events are expected to\u00a0occur with increasing frequency\u00a0in China, jeopardizing Beijing\u2019s\u00a0food security\u00a0plan Downpours in late May 2023 in northern China\u00a0flooded\u00a0wheat fields, stirring both domestic and international concern about China\u2019s wheat supply and the potential impacts on food security. Chinese officials\u00a0described\u00a0the flooding as \u201cthe most destructive rain event\u201d for wheat production in the past decade. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6509,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[176],"tags":[192],"class_list":["post-6508","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-climate-change"],"acf":{"enable_premium_overlay":false},"yoast_head":"\nClimate change cracking China\u2019s rice bowl - Rice News Today<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Climate change cracking China\u2019s rice bowl - Rice News Today\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Extreme climate events are expected to\u00a0occur with increasing frequency\u00a0in China, jeopardizing Beijing\u2019s\u00a0food security\u00a0plan Downpours in late May 2023 in northern China\u00a0flooded\u00a0wheat fields, stirring both domestic and international concern about China\u2019s wheat supply and the potential impacts on food security. 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